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===== phasma instruments, techniques and cells =====

==== Spectroscopic instruments and techniques === 

    * //**Raman instruments:**// 
      * **(a)** Renishaw RM1000 confocal microRaman spectrometer, 633 nm, grating with 1800 grooves/mm, Leica DMLM microscope with x5, x20, x50 and x100 objective lenses, CCD Peltier-cooled detector with 576x400 pixels resolution. 
      * **(b)** Renishaw inVia confocal microRaman spectrometer, 532 nm and 785 nm and respective optics and filters, scanning mode for mapping.

    * //**FTIR instrument:**// Perkin Elmer Spectrum GX.
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==== Systems and cells ====